According to John Corbet Anderson: "The earliest mention of Croydon is in the joint will of Beorhtric and Aelfswth, dated about the year 962. Īlternative, although less probable, theories of the name's origin have been proposed. There is also a plausible Brittonic origin for Croydon in the form "Crai-din" meaning "settlement near fresh water" (cf Creuddyn, Ceredigion), the name Crai (variously spelled) being found in Kent at various places even as late as the Domesday Book. It has been argued that this cultivation is likely to have taken place in the Roman period, when the saffron crocus would have been grown to supply the London market, most probably for medicinal purposes, and particularly for the treatment of granulation of the eyelids. The early settlement of Old Town, including the parish church (marked B) lies to the west while the triangular medieval marketplace, probably associated with Archbishop Kilwardby's market charter of 1276, is clearly visible further east, although by this date it has been infilled with buildings.Īs the vast majority of place names in the area are of Anglo-Saxon origin, the theory accepted by most philologists is that the name Croydon derives originally from the Anglo-Saxon croh, meaning " crocus", and denu, " valley", indicating that, like Saffron Walden in Essex, it was a centre for the cultivation of saffron. The earliest detailed map of Croydon, drawn by the 18-year-old Jean-Baptiste Say in 1785. The town is also at the centre of the only tramway system in southern England. East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system, with frequent fast services to central London, Brighton and the south coast. Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, mostly consisting of North End. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965.Ĭroydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England, to the north of two high gaps in the North Downs, one taken by the A23 Brighton Road and the main railway line through Purley and Merstham and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre, the largest shopping centre in Greater London until 2008. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and Croydon Airport. Later 19th century railway building facilitated Croydon's growth as a commuter town for London. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public railway. Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. At the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill, and around 365 inhabitants, as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. It was originally part of the Wallington hundred in the historic county of Surrey.
It is 9.4 miles (15.1 km) south of Charing Cross. The entire town had a population of 192,064 as of 2011, whilst the wider borough had a population of 384,837. It is one of the largest commercial districts in Greater London, with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy.
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